Akkermansia与高原牛肺水肿病相关性研究

【目的】本文通过对高原牛胃肠道菌群结构组成的分析,从微生物学角度探讨Akkermansia与高原牛肺水肿病的关系。【方法】本研究以沈阳地区健康娟姗牛为对照,以引进入拉萨半年的健康娟姗牛、拉萨本地健康黄牛以及引进入拉萨半年患肺水肿病的娟姗牛的粪便作为分析样本,采用Illumina MiSeq高通量测序技术测定样本中微生物16S rRNA基因V3–V4区序列,通过比较4种粪便样本菌群组成及丰度的差异,探讨Akkermansia与高原牛肺水肿病的相关性。【结果】Verrucomicrobia中Akkermansia在拉萨本地健康黄牛的胃肠道中的含量显著高于引进入拉萨半年的健康娟姗牛,在引进入拉萨半年患肺水肿病的娟姗牛胃肠道中的含量显著高于引进入拉萨半年的健康娟姗牛。在属水平上,沈阳地区健康娟姗牛胃肠道菌群中Akkermansia丰度占比为0.07%;引进入拉萨半年的健康娟姗牛胃肠道菌群中Akkermansia丰度占比为0.09%;拉萨本地黄牛胃肠道菌群中Akkermansia丰度占比为6.62%,是优势菌属;引进入拉萨半年的患肺水肿病的娟姗牛胃肠道菌群中Akkermansia丰度占比为11.85%,且是第一优势菌属。【结论】首次从微生物学角度探讨Akkermansia与高原牛肺水肿病的关系,为将Akkermansia丰度作为诊断肺水肿病的监测指标提供参考,但具体丰度值还有待进一步研究。     

拉萨河流域耕地不同尺度土壤水分影响因子

土壤水分影响因子的尺度差异及作用是其尺度依赖性研究的基础.本文以青藏高原拉萨河流域耕地土壤为对象,通过遥感影像分析和野外调查,在全流域和小流域尺度上分别布设样点115和49个,采用土钻法分3层（0～20、20～40、40～60 cm）抽取土壤样本,获取土壤水分含量,然后运用生态学冗余分析和统计分析,筛选出影响耕地土壤水分的主要因子.结果表明： 在全流域尺度,受气候、海拔影响,土壤水分呈西南 东北递增趋势,其中,河谷区耕地受河流侧渗补给影响,下层土壤水分高于上层;在小流域尺度,耕地土壤水分随海拔升高及坡度增大而减少,土壤贮水能力随石砾含量增多而减弱.研究结果为拉萨河流域耕地向高海拔扩张、作物结构调整、土地整理及灌溉设施布设提供了重要依据.     

西藏"一江两河"流域鸟类资源调查初报

自2006年以来对西藏"一江两河"流域的鸟类资源进行了观测与考察,共记录鸟类15目37科125种,约占全国鸟类的9.4%.该区域鸟类以古北界成分为主,达78种,占总数的62.4%,此外还有东洋界鸟类22种,广布种25种.鸟类中多为留鸟,种类达84种,占到总数的67.2%,冬候鸟29种,夏候鸟12种.该区域有多种被保护的鸟类资源,其中IUCN收录6种,CITES收录19种,中国濒危物种红皮书收录13种;中国重点保护动物名录收录20种.     

南宁吴圩国际机场两栖爬行动物初步调查

通过南宁吴圩国际机场对机场飞行区4类生境中两栖爬行类的调杏,记录到3目11科22种.较为丰富的两栖爬行动物种类和数量成为机场鸟类重要的食物源之一,吸引了捕食性鸟类前来栖息和觅食.分析了解两栖爬行动物情况,对于全面了解亚热带和北热带地区的机场鸟类的食物源和活动规律具有十分重要的意义.并提出建议在今后对于鸟撞防治研究应当开展对两栖爬行类作为鸟类食物源这方面的调查研究工作.     

重庆机场草地土壤动物群落特征及其与鸟类关系的初步研究

对重庆机场草地土壤动物群落的组成,结构和时空动态特征进行了比较研究,初步分析了土壤动物与机场鸟类在种类和数量上的动态关系。结果表明：土壤动物的优势类群为蜱螨目;常见类群多为大,中型土壤动物,是鸟类捕食的主要对象;活动性弱的小型土壤动物是幼虫主要分布在土壤和腐质层中,且群落的多样性和稳定性较高;     

Airport noise exposure and the postnatal growth of children

To determine whether chronic exposure to airport noise affects children, a study was conducted of the physical growth of children, aged 5-13 years, from two communities, one exposed to airport noise (n = 148) and another, not exposed (n = 102). Ten standard anthropometric measurements were made according to U.S. Health Examination Survey guidelines, and information on the social and biological characteristics of each family was collected in interviews. Hotelling's T2-tests were performed comparing the noise-exposed and nonnoise-exposed samples. There was no significant difference between the sample for measurements of social and biological characteristics of the families (including socioeconomic status and maternal reproductive history). Parental anthropometrics differed significantly (T2 = 24.32, P = 0.0001) as did child anthropometrics (T2 = 21.01, P = 0.032). For the child anthropometrics, noise-exposed children's slightly smaller measures of body bulk, together with their larger facial breadths, contributed to the significant T2. When the entire sample (n = 250) was analyzed by multiple linear regression, noise exposure was a significant predictor only of male triceps and subscapular skinfolds. For these two variables, and most other anthropometrics, however, the beta coefficients were negative for both sexes. In order to include information on the covariance structure among all variables, a canonical correlation analysis was performed. Noise exposure loaded negatively on the third canonical variate and was paired with positively loaded measures of body bulk. Taken together, the three analyses suggest that while there is some evidence for a slight effect of airport noise on measures of body bulk for males in this sample, most measures of postnatal growth for both males and females were unaffected by the noise levels experienced.     

拉萨郊区藏族的指纹研究

本文报道了拉萨郊区５１７例（男２２６人,女２９１人）藏族健康人的指纹参数正常值、调查分析了指纹类型、指纹组合、指纹指数和指嵴纹计数。比较了藏族不同居群、不同民族和人种间的差异。结果表明,藏族有自己的指纹特点,又显著蒙古人种的一般特征。     

拉萨郊区藏族跖纹主线走向分析

本文用茚三酮－味精法采集跖纹,体视显微镜下追踪跖纹主线走向,分析了２５０（男女各１２５人）拉萨效区藏族健康人的跖纹样本。结果显示：Ａ线主要走向１区,其次是７区;Ｂ线亦多止于１区和７区;Ｃ线主要止于和９区;Ｄ线止于１区 频率最高;Ｅ线主要走向１３区;Ｐ三叉缺失较多。Ｐｚ＾ｄ线止共位置较高（１３区和１１区）,而Ｐ＾ｆ线止区较低（７区）。在民族和人种间进行了比较,提示藏族践纹主线走向有自己的特点,又呈现     

Examination of various biomarkers measuring genotoxic endpoints from Barcelona airport personnel

Three different biomarkers: sister-chromatid exchanges (SCE), micronuclei (MN), and the Comet assay, were used to evaluate different kinds of genetic damage in peripheral blood lymphocytes from 34 male workers at Barcelona airport, exposed to low levels of hydrocarbons and jet fuel derivatives. The control group consisted of 11 unexposed men. We also investigated the ras p21 protein levels in plasma, in order to evaluate whether the ras gene could serve as a suitable potential marker of carcinogenic pollution in occupationally exposed cohorts. SCE and MN analyses failed to detect any statistically significant increase in the airport workers when compared with the controls, and in fact, the frequency of binucleated cells with MN in the exposed group was significantly lower than that obtained in the control. However, slight but significant differences in the mean comet length and genetic damage index were observed between the exposed and control groups when using the Comet assay. There were no statistically significant differences between both groups in p21 plasma levels. Smoking was shown to affect significantly both SCE and high frequency cells (HFC) in the exposed group.